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Before about 500AD, Britannia was part of a Roman Empire crumbling due to invasion from peoples beyound its borders. The Saxons, Angles and Jutes took control of the country and the Germanic language of the invaders merged with that of the Britions, laying the foundations for Old English.

末約西元500年前，當時的大不列顛隸屬於後來遭異族入侵而瓦解的羅罵帝國一部分。其後在薩克遜人、盎格魯人及朱特人控制之下，入侵者所使用的日耳曼語系語英語相互融合，為古英語奠定基礎。

Old English

It was influenced by Latin as the language of Christianity and education, from which we get words such as altar and school.As many Scandinavian words entered the languagein a process which saw the invaders gradually settling in the new country. Some words which entered English from Scandinavia at this tin=me are:anger;odd;smile;and trust.

古英語

古英語受到及教育界使用的拉丁語影響，沿用了諸如"alter聖壇"及"school學校"等字彙。當入侵者逐漸在新國家安居之際，許多斯堪地那維亞地區語言也被帶入古英語中，包括"anger憤怒"、"odd奇特的"、"smile微笑"、"trust信任"等字彙都在這段期間融入其中。

Middle English

1066 saw one of the most momentous events in British history when the Normans conquered England. The influnence of French was so strong that asholars see this period as distinct and term it Middle English. Synooyms still exist in English from this time with the word derived from the language of the new ruling classes regared as nore refined than Anglo-Saxon, as in humid vs. muggy or aroma vs. stench.

中古英語

西元1066年，英國發生了史上最重大的事件，來自法國北部的諾曼人征服了英格蘭；由於法語的影響甚鉅，學者為語古英語做區別，將這段期間的英語稱作"中古英語"這時期，新領導階級被認為比盎格魯瑟克遜人更加文明，他們將所使用的字彙仍可從現在英語中找到同意字，例如"humid潮濕"之於"muggy悶熱"、"aroma氣味"之於"stench惡臭"。

Modern English

Experts debatewhen Modern English began, but agree it is marked by increased standardisation as the printing press meant books were distributed across the country.This is the period when Shakespeare's plays contributed many common words and phrases still used today such as all the world's a stage and laughing stock.

現代英語

現代英語的起源時間雖莫衷一是，但專家一致同意，是印刷書籍逐漸普及全國，讓英語變的標準化。此時期沙士比亞的劇作，貢獻了許多至今仍在使用的常見字句，像是"all the world's a stage世界是座舞台"和"laughing stock笑柄"

文章擷取自:全球中央雜誌

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